Thanks to Hrun, Badz, beasty1711, Sweaty Betty for contributing.


Achilles Tendonitis
The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscles to the back of the ankle to facilitate movement at the ankle joint. It is commonly caused by a sudden increase in training, a change in training- like hill running, poor footwear or poor running gait.

Anaerobic Threshold Running
Anaerobic or Lactate Threshold running is normally the domain of middle and long distance runners. Here the session is meant to be run as fast as possible, whilst remaining entirely aerobic (in other words, the body is replenished with as much oxygen as is being used during the activity - at no stage will the body go into oxygen debt).
These runs will be important for any distance runner for building fitness and should be hard work. You should run hard, but know that if you needed to produce a sprint finish you could.

Core Stability
1. Core stability training specifically targets the smaller and deeper lumbar spine and trunk muscles – the ‘core muscles’ of your body. Core stability training aims to recruit effectively the trunk musculature and to learn to control the position of the lumbar spine during dynamic movement, to keep you strong, in neutral, correct posture, and to prevent injury.
2. Generally viewed as the ability of the torso region of the body to endure the forces developed by the limbs while running. Hence, good core stability may lead to a more efficient and relaxed running action.

Cross-Training
Activities such as swimming and cycling that are used to increase conditioning and injury prevention for running or as a means of adding variety to a workout schedule.

Electrolytes
Minerals such as sodium, chloride and potassium essential for normal bodily functions. These minerals are lost when the body sweats and are replaced through food and fluids.

Endorphins
Chemicals in the brain which create a feeling of euphoria; said to be the cause of the "runner's high" often experienced shortly after a run.

Fartlek
Swedish word for ‘speed play’; workout includes varied pace running with the emphasis on changing pace when it feels right rather than to some predetermined plan. Involves faster running mixed with slower running; adds variety to training and can be performed in any setting.

Gait Analysis
Many athletes develop chronic or recurrent injuries due to incorrect technique or poor biomechanics.
Gait analysis incorporates the use of a video camera and a treadmill to analyse your walking and running to identify inefficiencies in movement. An accurate diagnosis can be found by very carefully observing your movements at a slower speed on camera.

Heel Striking
This acts as a braking action to your running as you will be striking in front of your centre of gravity. You then have to work on getting your weight back over this rather than using the "claw back" momentum of your foot to propel you forwards. It also increased the stress on joints as you will tend to land heavily as you do this.

Hill Work / Hills
Workouts where a runner runs up a hill fast and jogs down then runs up again; helps develop leg power and aerobic capacity.

ITBS - Illiotibial Band Syndrome
ITBS is one of the leading causes of lateral knee pain in runners caused by irritation/inflammatrion of the Illiotibial Band. The iliotibial band is crucial to stabilizing the knee during running and can be found on the outside of the thigh, extending from the outside of the pelvis, over the hip and knee, and inserting just below the knee.

Interval Training
Type of workout where a set distance is run repeatedly with a recovery jog between; for example 6 times 800m with 200m recovery jog.

Lactic Acid Tolerance
Lactic acid is formed when an athlete exercises, if he or she is doing so at a level where more oxygen is being used than can be replenished to their system. As this builds up, it gradually forces the body to slow down - it is the body's way of telling you that you can’t carry on as you are.
What lactic acid tolerance training will do for you is make your body more efficient at reprocessing the waste products of exercise, transporting oxygen to your blood and allowing you to run nearer to maximal speed for a longer period of time.

Lactate threshold
The running intensity where lactic acid begins to more rapidly accumulate in the blood. Also called anaerobic threshold; lactate threshold speed is your 10K race pace plus 5-20 seconds or a heart rate zone between 85-89% of maximum.

Marathon pace
would be better thought of as 'race pace' and will change dependant on the distance
marathon pace being the pace you could race a marathon, 10K pace being the pace you could race a 10K etc. etc.

Paarlauf
Literally it means “pair run”, but is basically a relay which can be done with two or more people. The relay comprises of one of the team running whilst the others rest, before they get to go again. It is often used as a team version of a Fartlek session.

PB - Personal Best
fastest time a runner has run for a given distance.

Personal Record (PR)- American term for PB.

Pyramid Running Session
These are commonly used by runners, as a useful tool, since they allow a range of distances (and potentially speeds) to be run in a single session. Here we use the term to cover any session where there is a step up or down in distance between runs, for example -
400, 800, 1200, 1600, 1200, 800, 400
Physiologically, the levels of lactate in the system can be experimented with in these sessions, to find strengths and weaknesses in an athlete - for example one athlete may cope well with the long reps, but struggle one the short ones and another be the total opposite.

Recovery Run
Slow to moderate running to recover from hard workouts or races and/or maintain aerobic conditioning.

Runners Knee
Runners Knee describes pain in the shin. It is a common problems in runners and jumping athletes. Runners Knee is a general term that can describe one of three syndromes.

1. Stress fracture
2. Tenoperiostitis
3. Compartment syndrome

1. Stress Fracture
A stress fracture results from overloading the bone by continuous muscle contraction, for example, running. This may affect either the tibia or fibula (fig 2), which are the two main bones of the lower leg, with the tibia being the larger of the two. However, due to the fact that the role of the tibia is load bearing, it is the most common site of the two. Pain is usually experienced on the lower two thirds of the tibia.

2. Tenoperiostitis
Tenoperiostitis is inflammation of the periosteum, which is the point where the muscles attach to the bone. This commonly occurs to the muscles that attach to the inside of the tibia.

3. Compartment syndrome
There are four main compartments of the lower leg and these are all surrounded by a thick fibrous membrane that covers, supports and separates the muscles, termed 'inelastic fascia'.
Within these compartments are the muscles and when these muscles are overloaded and the muscles become too big, there is a build up of compartment pressure, which causes pain and swelling. Compartment syndrome may be an acute condition, usually resulting from a direct impact that causes bleeding or a chronic condition, resulting from overuse.

Speedwork
Short, fast intervals with recovery jogs between; increases your leg turnover and maximizes your stamina and race confidence.

Split Times
Denotes the time it takes to run a portion of a total run (often measured at mile/KM markers).

Sports Massage
Deep tissue sports massage is concerned with the management, manipulation and rehabilitation of the soft tissues of the body and has many benefits.

Sub, e.g. 1:30
simply means 'under' and usually refers to a time target for a given distance. Example
'looking to do a sub 1:30 half' means I want to complete a half-marathon in less than 1 hour 30 minutes.

Tapering
Reducing your mileage several days to three weeks before an important race to ensure peak performance on race day.

Technical/Wicking Clothing
The ability of a fiber to move moisture from your skin to the surface of the fabric so that it can evaporate and keep you more comfortable.

Tempo Run
Type of workout to improve the lactate threshold; usually consists of 15-30 minutes of running at the lactate threshold speed

XC - Cross country
Type of race, usually multiple laps around fields.

LSR
Long Slow Run. The run that is used to build mileage into your legs, usually ran at a slower than race pace. Sometimes called a SLR (Slow Long Run)



If you think you can improve any of these explanations, or have any to add, feel free to reply.

REST - Rest is an important component. By resting your musles actuaaly regenerate and get stronger.
EASY RUN - Sort of semi-rest run.

A great list...I had never even heard of Paarlauf!

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My Running Blog - RunTheLine.com

Not sure what LSR stands for...anyone???

Long slow run

Thought as much but wasn't sure...Thanks Mat

WOW! there is more to running than i thought! awesome!

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Milton Keynes Half Marathon 17th July 2011

what a great word fartlek. a friend who stayed in sweden for a moth told me the word for collecting berries etc in the countryside (very big in sweden) is HAMSTERFARTING! Im not making this up but she might have been.

forget my last post. I tried a translation on google translate and hamsterfarting came up as hamster speed. I feel a fool that i believed that !

you missed off Hurts like a mother , coudl barely walk when I had Achilles tendonitus

OMG!! A complete list on runners beginning!! Manageable but though it is a tough job..

LSD (long slow distance), same as LSR.

Before I joined RF I thought that FARTLEK was something one could buy at IKEA.

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I Ache Therefore I Am.
http://bathpoint5.blogspot.com/
PB - 10k - 0:54:13 - Swindon 2011
PB - HM - 2:06:11 - Bristol 2011

Thanks!

Interesting info! Although makes me feel like I need to see a specialist to see if I'm running right!

Sam

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My favourite site: Triathlon Tips

I still don't understand what tempo run is? Also, whats the advantage to interval?

Good list though.